Javascript Enabled Proxies

Proxy – JavaScript – MDN Web Docs

The Proxy object enables you to create a proxy for another object, which can intercept and redefine fundamental operations for that scriptionA Proxy is created with two parameters:
target: the original object which you want to proxy
handler: an object that defines which operations will be intercepted and how to redefine intercepted operations.
For example, this code defines a simple target with just two properties, and an even simpler handler with no properties:
const target = {
message1: “hello”,
message2: “everyone”};
const handler1 = {};
const proxy1 = new Proxy(target, handler1);
Because the handler is empty, this proxy behaves just like the original target:
(ssage1); // hello
(ssage2); // everyone
To customise the proxy, we define functions on the handler object:
const handler2 = {
get: function(target, prop, receiver) {
return “world”;}};
const proxy2 = new Proxy(target, handler2);
Here we’ve provided an implementation of the get() handler, which intercepts attempts to access properties in the target.
Handler functions are sometimes called traps, presumably because they trap calls to the target object. The very simple trap in handler2 above redefines all property accessors:
(ssage1); // world
(ssage2); // world
With the help of the Reflect class we can give some accessors the original behavior and redefine others:
const handler3 = {
get: function (target, prop, receiver) {
if (prop === “message2”) {
return “world”;}
return (guments);}, };
const proxy3 = new Proxy(target, handler3);
Constructor
Proxy()
Creates a new Proxy object.
Static methodsExamplesBasic exampleIn this simple example, the number 37 gets returned as the default value when the property name is not in the object. It is using the get() handler.
const handler = {
get: function(obj, prop) {
return prop in obj?
obj[prop]:
37;}};
const p = new Proxy({}, handler);
p. a = 1;
p. b = undefined;
(p. a, p. b);
// 1, undefined
(‘c’ in p, p. c);
// false, 37
No-op forwarding proxyIn this example, we are using a native JavaScript object to which our proxy will forward all operations that are applied to it.
const target = {};
const p = new Proxy(target, {});
p. a = 37;
// operation forwarded to the target
(target. a);
// 37
// (The operation has been properly forwarded! )
Note that while this “no-op” works for JavaScript objects, it does not work for native browser objects like DOM lidationWith a Proxy, you can easily validate the passed value for an object. This example uses the set() handler.
let validator = {
set: function(obj, prop, value) {
if (prop === ‘age’) {
if (! Integer(value)) {
throw new TypeError(‘The age is not an integer’);}
if (value > 200) {
throw new RangeError(‘The age seems invalid’);}}
// The default behavior to store the value
obj[prop] = value;
// Indicate success
return true;}};
const person = new Proxy({}, validator);
= 100;
(); // 100
= ‘young’; // Throws an exception
= 300; // Throws an exception
Extending constructorA function proxy could easily extend a constructor with a new constructor. This example uses the construct() and apply() handlers.
function extend(sup, base) {
var descriptor = tOwnPropertyDescriptor(
ototype, ‘constructor’);
ototype = (ototype);
var handler = {
construct: function(target, args) {
var obj = (ototype);
(target, obj, args);
return obj;},
apply: function(target, that, args) {
(that, args);
(that, args);}};
var proxy = new Proxy(base, handler);
= proxy;
fineProperty(ototype, ‘constructor’, descriptor);
return proxy;}
var Person = function(name) {
= name;};
var Boy = extend(Person, function(name, age) {
= age;});
= ‘M’;
var Peter = new Boy(‘Peter’, 13);
(); // “M”
(); // “Peter”
(); // 13
Manipulating DOM nodesSometimes you want to toggle the attribute or class name of two different elements. Here’s how using the set() handler.
let view = new Proxy({
selected: null},
{
set: function(obj, prop, newval) {
let oldval = obj[prop];
if (prop === ‘selected’) {
if (oldval) {
tAttribute(‘aria-selected’, ‘false’);}
if (newval) {
tAttribute(‘aria-selected’, ‘true’);}}
obj[prop] = newval;
return true;}});
let i1 = lected = tElementById(‘item-1’); //giving error here, i1 is null
(tAttribute(‘aria-selected’));
// ‘true’
let i2 = lected = tElementById(‘item-2’);
// ‘false’
Note: even if selected:! null, then giving tAttribute is not a function
Value correction and an extra propertyThe products proxy object evaluates the passed value and converts it to an array if needed. The object also supports an extra property called latestBrowser both as a getter and a setter.
let products = new Proxy({
browsers: [‘Internet Explorer’, ‘Netscape’]},
// An extra property
if (prop === ‘latestBrowser’) {
return owsers[ – 1];}
// The default behavior to return the value
return obj[prop];},
(value);
return true;}
// Convert the value if it is not an array
if (typeof value === ‘string’) {
value = [value];}
(owsers);
// [‘Internet Explorer’, ‘Netscape’]
owsers = ‘Firefox’;
// pass a string (by mistake)
// [‘Firefox’] <- no problem, the value is an array testBrowser = 'Chrome'; // ['Firefox', 'Chrome'] (testBrowser); // 'Chrome' Finding an array item object by its propertyThis proxy extends an array with some utility features. As you see, you can flexibly "define" properties without using fineProperties(). This example can be adapted to find a table row by its cell. In that case, the target will be let products = new Proxy([ { name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser'}, { name: 'SeaMonkey', type: 'browser'}, { name: 'Thunderbird', type: 'mailer'}], // The default behavior to return the value; prop is usually an integer if (prop in obj) { return obj[prop];} // Get the number of products; an alias of if (prop === 'number') { return;} let result, types = {}; for (let product of obj) { if ( === prop) { result = product;} if (types[]) { types[](product);} else { types[] = [product];}} // Get a product by name if (result) { return result;} // Get products by type if (prop in types) { return types[prop];} // Get product types if (prop === 'types') { return (types);} return undefined;}}); (products[0]); // { name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser'} (products['Firefox']); // { name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser'} (products['Chrome']); // undefined (owser); // [{ name: 'Firefox', type: 'browser'}, { name: 'SeaMonkey', type: 'browser'}] (); // ['browser', 'mailer'] (); // 3 A complete traps list exampleNow in order to create a complete sample traps list, for didactic purposes, we will try to proxify a non-native object that is particularly suited to this type of operation: the docCookies global object created by a simple cookie framework. /* var docCookies =... get the "docCookies" object here: */ var docCookies = new Proxy(docCookies, { get: function (oTarget, sKey) { return oTarget[sKey] || tItem(sKey) || undefined;}, set: function (oTarget, sKey, vValue) { if (sKey in oTarget) { return false;} return tItem(sKey, vValue);}, deleteProperty: function (oTarget, sKey) { if (! sKey in oTarget) { return false;} return moveItem(sKey);}, enumerate: function (oTarget, sKey) { return ();}, ownKeys: function (oTarget, sKey) { has: function (oTarget, sKey) { return sKey in oTarget || oTarget. hasItem(sKey);}, defineProperty: function (oTarget, sKey, oDesc) { if (oDesc && 'value' in oDesc) { tItem(sKey, );} return oTarget;}, getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function (oTarget, sKey) { var vValue = tItem(sKey); return vValue? { value: vValue, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: false}: undefined;}, }); /* Cookies test */ (_cookie1 = 'First value'); (tItem('my_cookie1')); tItem('my_cookie1', 'Changed value'); (_cookie1); SpecificationsSpecificationECMAScript Language Specification (ECMAScript)# sec-proxy-objectsBrowser compatibilityBCD tables only load in the browserSee also "Proxies are awesome" Brendan Eich presentation at JSConf (slides) Tutorial on proxies

JavaScript Proxy Explained Clearly By Practical Examples

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn about the JavaScript Proxy object in is a JavaScript Proxy objectA JavaScript Proxy is an object that wraps another object (target) and intercepts the fundamental operations of the target fundamental operations can be the property lookup, assignment, enumeration, and function invocations, eating a proxy objectTo create a new proxy object, you use the following syntax:let proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)In this syntax:target – is an object to wrap. handler – is an object that contains methods to control the behaviors of the target. The methods inside the handler object are called traps. A simple proxy exampleFirst, define an object called user:const user = {
firstName: ‘John’,
lastName: ‘Doe’,
email: ”, }
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Second, define a handler object:const handler = {
get(target, property) {
(`Property ${property} has been read. `);
return target[property];}}
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Third, create a proxy object:const proxyUser = new Proxy(user, handler);
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)The proxyUser object uses the user object to store data. The proxyUser can access all properties of the user, access the firstName and lastName properties of the user object via the proxyUser (rstName);
(stName);
Code language: CSS (css)Output:Property firstName has been read.
John
Property lastName has been read.
Doe
When you access a property of the user object via the proxyUser object, the get() method in the handler object is, if you modify the original object user, the change is reflected in the rstName = ‘Jane’;
(rstName);
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Output:Property firstName has been read.
Jane
Similarly, a change in the proxyUser object will be reflected in the original object (user)stName = ‘William’;
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Output:William
Proxy TrapsThe get() trapThe get() trap is fired when a property of the target object is accessed via the proxy the previous example, a message is printed out when a property of the user object is accessed by the proxyUser nerally, you can develop a custom logic in the get() trap when a property is example, you can use the get() trap to define computed properties for the target object. The computed properties are properties whose values are calculated based on values of existing user object does not have a property fullName, you can use the get() trap to create the fullName property based on the firstName and lastName properties:const user = {
lastName: ‘Doe’}
const handler = {
return property === ‘fullName’?
`${rstName} ${stName}`:
target[property];}};
const proxyUser = new Proxy(user, handler);
(proxyUser. fullName);
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Output:John Doe
The set() trapThe set() trap controls behavior when a property of the target object is ppose that the age of user must be greater than 18. To enforce this constraint, you develop a set() trap as follows:const user = {
age: 20}
set(target, property, value) {
if (property === ‘age’) {
if (typeof value! == ‘number’) {
throw new Error(‘Age must be a number. ‘);}
if (value < 18) { throw new Error('The user must be 18 or older. ')}} target[property] = value;}}; Code language: JavaScript (javascript)First, set the age of user to a = 'foo'; Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Output:Error: Age must be a number. Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Second, set the age of the user to = '16'; Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Output:The user must be 18 or older. Third, set the age of the user to = 21; No error apply() trapThe () method is a trap for a function call. Here is the syntax:let proxy = new Proxy(target, { apply: function(target, thisArg, args) { //... }}); Code language: JavaScript (javascript)See the following example:const user = { const getFullName = function (user) { return `${rstName} ${stName}`;} const getFullNameProxy = new Proxy(getFullName, { apply(target, thisArg, args) { return target(.. ). toUpperCase();}}); (getFullNameProxy(user)); // Code language: JavaScript (javascript)OutputJOHN DOE More trapsThe following are more traps:construct – traps usage of the new operatorgetPrototypeOf – traps an internal call to [[GetPrototypeOf]]setPrototypeOf – traps a call to tPrototypeOfisExtensible – traps a call to ExtensiblepreventExtensions – traps a call to eventExtensionsgetOwnPropertyDescriptor – traps a call to tOwnPropertyDescriptorIn this tutorial, you have learned about the JavaScript Proxy object used to wrap another object to change the fundamental behaviors of that this tutorial helpful?

The Amazing Power of JavaScript Proxies | by Georgy Glezer

Today we’re going to learn about ECMAScript 6 Proxies. We are going to cover the following topics in this article:What are ProxiesProxies in ActionWho Uses ProxiesUse Cases and ExamplesResourcesLet’s begin:)As stated at MDN Website:The Proxy object enables you to create a proxy for another object, which can intercept and redefine fundamental operations for that ’s a bit funny they are explaining what is Proxy by saying it creates a Proxy. Of course, they are not wrong but we can simplify this statement to make it more friendly by saying:The Proxy object enables you to wrap the target object and by doing that we can intercept and redefine fundamental operations for that sically, it means that we are going to take an object, wrap it with a Proxy which will allow us to create a “hidden” gate, and control all access to the desired object. A small side note, Proxy is also a software design pattern and you should definitely read about it(Wikipedia Link). A Proxy is created with two parameters:target: the original object which you want to wrap (proxy)handler: an object that defines which operations will be intercepted and how to redefine intercepted operations which can also call “traps”. Proxies are supported in most of the browsers but there few old ones that don’t support it(IE of course), you can check the full list here. There is a polyfill for Proxies by google but it doesn’t support all of the Proxy that we know what are Proxies we want to check out what we can do with ’s imagine we are A Bank or A Worried Girlfriend. We want to know every time the bank account balance was accessed and be notified on. We are going to use the most simple handler operation/trap: getIn the above example, we have a bank account object which contains my name and a balance of handler object this time is implementing get operation/trap, which receives a function with 3 parameters and the return value of the get:target: The object that is being accessed (the object we wrapped) The property that is being accessed in our example — here it is “balance”. receiver: Either the proxy or an object that inherits from the define a condition that says that if the property that is being accessed is the “balance”, we will notify(log) the balance and the current user name and we return the property “balance” you can see in the output, as soon as the “balance” property was accessed we notified (log) about the access easily by using a Proxy and setting up a get operation/’s continue with our Bank idea, and demand that each time someone withdraws money from the bank account, we want to be notified about. And another constraint is that the bank doesn’t allow a negative balance. To achieve this we are going to use the set handler/trap this the above example, we notify about the current balance and the new balance after the withdraw, and we also notify if the new balance is going to be negative and abort the withdrawal are using the set operator/trap which is a function that returns a boolean value(true/false) if the update operation has succeeded or not. It receives the following parameters:target: The object that is being accessed(The object we wrapped) The property that is being accessed in our example, it is “balance”value: The new value that should be updated ceiver: The object to which the assignment was originally directed. This is usually the proxy itself. But a set() handler can also be called indirectly, via the prototype chain or various other can see that it is really similar to the get, but only 1 extra parameter of the new value is 2 operators/traps are the most common ones, if you are interested in finding all of the existing operators/traps, you can check it out popular libraries use this technique, for example:MobXVueImmerAnd much more… Most of them utilize the amazing power that Proxies gives us and provide us awesome already have seen that we can use the Proxies for:Logging(Notifying the bank)Validations(Blocking negative balance update)CachingWe are going to use again the get operator/trap and we will A property “dollars” to our object. On each access to “dollars” property, We are going to calculate how much our balance worth in dollars. Because calculating can be a heavy operation we would like to Cache it as much as we you can see in the example, we have a cache object that holds the current bank balance and the balance worth in dollars. Each time someone accesses the “dollars” property we will calculate for the first time, and then we will cache ManipulationWe want to update the text on-screen each time there is a change to our balance. We are going to use a set operator/trap and on each change of the value, we will update the DOM element on the we created a helper function so we can store the DOM element ID and added a simple line to the set operator/trap to update the DOM element. Pretty simple, right? And let’s see the result:)To sum up, we learned about ECMAScript 6 Proxies, how we can use them, and to what purposes. In my opinion, Proxies are an amazing tool and you can use it for a wide variety of options, you just need to think about what suits you the most:)If you liked the article, Feel free to follow and give a clap MDN Proxy“Proxies are awesome” Brendan Eich presentation at JSConfProxy Design Pattern

Frequently Asked Questions about javascript enabled proxies

What are JavaScript proxies?

A JavaScript Proxy is an object that wraps another object (target) and intercepts the fundamental operations of the target object. The fundamental operations can be the property lookup, assignment, enumeration, and function invocations, etc.

Can I use JavaScript Proxy?

length-1] . With Proxy, negative indices can also be used in Javascript. One important note is that traps including handler. get stringify all properties.May 16, 2019

Why proxies in JavaScript are fantastic?

The Proxy object enables you to wrap the target object and by doing that we can intercept and redefine fundamental operations for that object. Basically, it means that we are going to take an object, wrap it with a Proxy which will allow us to create a “hidden” gate, and control all access to the desired object.Oct 3, 2020