scrape – Wiktionary
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English scrapen, from Old Norse skrapa (“to scrape, scratch”) and Old English scrapian (“to scrape, scratch”), both from Proto-Germanic *skrapōną, *skrepaną (“to scrape, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *skreb- (“to engrave”). Cognate with Dutch schrapen (“to scrape”), schrappen (“to strike through; to cancel; to scrap”), schrabben (“to scratch”), German schrappen (“to scrape”), Danish skrabe (“to scrape”), Icelandic skrapa (“to scrape”), Walloon screper (“to scrape”), Latin scribō (“dig with a pen, draw, write”).
Pronunciation[edit]
enPR: skrāp, IPA(key): /skɹeɪp/
Rhymes: -eɪp
Verb[edit]
scrape (third-person singular simple present scrapes, present participle scraping, simple past and past participle scraped)
(transitive, intransitive) To draw (an object, especially a sharp or angular one), along (something) while exerting pressure.
She scraped the wooden plate with her fingernails.
(transitive) To remove (something) by drawing an object along in this manner.
Scrape the chewing gum off with a knife.
(transitive) To injure or damage by rubbing across a surface.
She tripped on a rock and scraped her knee.
(transitive) To barely manage to achieve.
I scraped a pass in the exam.
(transitive) To collect or gather, especially without regard to the quality of what is chosen.
Just use whatever you can scrape together.
(computing) To extract data by automated means from a format not intended to be machine-readable, such as a screenshot or a formatted web page.
(intransitive) To occupy oneself with getting laboriously.
He scraped and saved until he became rich.
1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iii]:And he shall spend mine honour with his shame, As thriftless sons their scraping fathers’ gold
(transitive, intransitive) To play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin or similar instrument.
To draw back the right foot along the ground or floor when making a bow.
To express disapprobation of (a play, etc. ) or to silence (a speaker) by drawing the feet back and forth upon the floor; usually with down.
1841, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Warren Hastings
All the various kinds of interest which 80 strongly against the accused, that his friends belong to the near and to the distant, to the were coughed and scraped down.
Synonyms[edit]
(draw an object along while exerting pressure): grate, scratch, drag
(injure by scraping): abrade, chafe, graze
Derived terms[edit]
terms derived from scrape (verb)
Translations[edit]
draw an object along while exerting pressure
Armenian: քերել (hy) (kʿerel)
Bashkir: ҡырыу (qïrïw), ышҡыу (ïšqïw)
Belarusian: скрэ́бці impf (skrébci)
Cebuano: kutkot
Chinese:
Mandarin: 刮 (zh) (guā), 擦 (zh) (cā), 刮削 (zh) (guāxiāo), 削 (zh) (xiāo)
Czech: škrábat impf
Dutch: schrapen (nl)
Esperanto: skrapi
Estonian: kriipima, kraapima, kraapama, kraapsima
Finnish: raaputtaa (fi)
French: gratter (fr)
Galician: ripar, rapar, rafar, raspiñar (gl), eslasar, adoxar, raspar (gl)
German: abkratzen (de), kratzen (de), schaben (de), scharren (de), schrammen (de)
Greek:
Ancient: ξύω (xúō)
Icelandic: skrapa
Italian: grattare (it), graffiare (it)
Japanese: 削る (けずる, kezuru), 擦る (ja) (こする, kosuru)
Korean: 긁다 (ko) (geukda)
Latin: rādō
Malay: kikis
Maori: hākuku, wharowharo
Mongolian: хусах (mn) (khusakh)
Neapolitan: grattà
Old English: scrapian
Polish: skrobać (pl) impf
Portuguese: arranhar (pt), raspar (pt)
Romanian: zgâria (ro)
Russian: скрести́ (ru) impf (skrestí), поскрести́ (ru) pf (poskrestí), цара́пать (ru) impf (carápatʹ), поцара́пать (ru) pf (pocarápatʹ), скря́бать (ru) impf (skrjábatʹ), поскря́бать pf (poskrjábatʹ)
Slovak: škrabať impf
Spanish: raspar (es)
Telugu: గీరు (te) (gīru)
Tetum: koi
Turkish: kazımak (tr)
Ukrainian: скребти́ impf (skrebtý)
Walloon: screper (wa), greter (wa)
ǃXóõ: ǁxàa
cause to be in a certain state by scraping
Czech: škrábat
Estonian: kraapima, kaapima, kaabitsema, kõõpima
Italian: (please verify) grattare (it), (please verify) raschiare (it)
Russian: отскреба́ть (ru) impf (otskrebátʹ), отскрести́ (ru) pf (otskrestí), отскрести́ (ru) pf (otskrestí), соскреба́ть (ru) impf (soskrebátʹ), соскрести́ (ru) pf (soskrestí), скобли́ть (ru) impf (skoblítʹ), отскобли́ть (ru) pf (otskoblítʹ)
injure by scraping
Bashkir: һыҙырыу (hïðïrïw)
Mandarin: 擦傷 (zh), 擦伤 (zh) (cāshāng)
Estonian: kriimustama, kriipima
Finnish: raapia (fi), naarmuttaa (fi)
French: effleurer (fr)
Galician: rabuñarse, aruñarse, esgarnancharse, gaduñarse, caritarse, raspuñarse
Italian: (please verify) graffiare (it), (please verify) sbucciarsi
Portuguese: ralar (pt), esfolar (pt)
Russian: цара́пать (ru) impf (carápatʹ), поцара́пать (ru) pf (pocarápatʹ), оцара́пать (ru) pf (ocarápatʹ)
Sanskrit: रदति (sa) (radati)
Spanish: arañarse (es), rasparse
Walloon: si digreter, si dischaver (wa), si screper (wa)
Noun[edit]
scrape (countable and uncountable, plural scrapes)
A broad, shallow injury left by scraping (rather than a cut or a scratch).
He fell on the sidewalk and got a scrape on his knee.
(slang) A fight, especially a fistfight without weapons.
He got in a scrape with the school bully.
An awkward set of circumstances.
I’m in a bit of a scrape — I’ve no money to buy my wife a birthday present.
2020 December 2, “A life remembered: Stuart Baker”, in Rail, page 61:Stuart made us all laugh – his mischievous stories were told throughout his career and in later days featured some very senior politicians and railway managers. He certainly got into many scrapes over the years.
(Britain, slang) A D and C or abortion; or, a miscarriage.
1972, in U. S. Senate Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Abuse of psychiatry for political repression in the Soviet Union. Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, second session, United States Government Printing Office, page 127,
It’s quite possible, in view of the diagnosis ‘danger of miscarriage’, that they might drag me off, give me a scrape and then say that the miscarriage began itself.
1980, John Cobb, Babyshock: A Mother’s First Five Years, Hutchinson, page 232,
In expert hands abortion nowadays is almost the same as having a scrape (D & C) and due to improved techniques such as suction termination, and improved lighter anaesthetic, most women feel no worse than having a tooth out.
1985, Beverley Raphael, The Anatomy of Bereavement: a handbook for the caring professions, Routledge, →ISBN, page 236,
The loss is significant to the woman and will be stated as such by her. For her it is not “nothing, ” “just a scrape, ” or “not a life. ” It is the beginning of a baby. Years later, she may recall it not just as a miscarriage but also as a baby that was lost.
1999, David Jenkins, Listening to Gynaecological Patients\ Problems, Springer, →ISBN, page 16,
you had a scrape or curettage recently?
A shallow depression used by ground birds as a nest; a nest scrape.
1948, in Behaviour: An International Journal of Comparative Ethology, E. J. Brill, page 103,
We knew from U. Weidmann’s work (1956) that Black-headed Gulls could be prevented from laying by offering them eggs on the empty scrape veil before […]
2000, Charles A. Taylor, The Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia, Kingfisher Publications, →ISBN, page 85,
The plover lays its eggs in a scrape on the ground. ¶ […] ¶ Birds’ nests can be little more than a scrape in the ground or a delicate structure of plant material, mud, and saliva.
2006, Les Beletsky, Birds of the World, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 95,
Turkey females place their eggs in a shallow scrape in a hidden spot on the ground. Young are born ready to leave the nest and feed themselves (eating insects for their first few weeks).
(military) A shallow pit dug as a hideout.
2014, Harry Turtledove, Hitler’s War
In between rounds, he dug a scrape for himself with his entrenching tool.
(Britain, slang) A shave.
1945, Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire (page 66)
A’m goin to the barber’s for a scrape.
(uncountable, Britain, slang, obsolete) Cheap butter.
(uncountable, Britain, slang, obsolete) Butter laid on bread in the thinnest possible manner, as though laid on and scraped off again.
Quotations[edit]
2001, Carolyn Cooke, The Bostons, Houghton Mifflin Books, →ISBN, page 172–173,
He could hear deer moo in the woods, smell their musk, spot a scrape in a birch tree twenty feet away.
2005, Dragan Vujic, Hunting Farm Country Whitetails, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 58,
Female whitetails periodically investigate scrapes created by specific bucks. As the doe approaches estrus and becomes receptive to breeding, she will urinate in a scrape as a sharp signal to the buck that she is ready for him.
(injury): abrasion, graze
(fight): altercation, brawl, fistfight, fight, fisticuffs, punch-up, scuffle
(awkward set of circumstances): bind, fix, mess, pickle
See also Thesaurus:injury
bread and scrape
fight
Finnish: tappelu (fi)
German: Kampf (de) m, Boxkampf (de) m, Faustkampf (de) m
Italian: rissa (it) f bagarre (it) f
Russian: сты́чка (ru) f (stýčka), дра́ка (ru) f (dráka), потасо́вка (ru) f (potasóvka)
Spanish: pelea (es) f
References[edit]
(a shave; butter): 1873, John Camden Hotten, The Slang Dictionary
Anagrams[edit]
CASREP, Casper, Pacers, Scaper, capers, crapes, e-scrap, escarp, pacers, parsec, recaps, scaper, secpar, spacer
Scraping Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Top Definitions Quiz Related Content Examples British This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity. [ skrey-ping]/ ˈskreɪ pɪŋ /This shows grade level based on the word’s unthe act of a person or thing that scrapes. the sound of something being scraped. Usually scrapings. something that is scraped off, up, or Technology. the process of extracting data from a digital source for automated replication, formatting, or manipulation by a computer program, as in data mining or website data analysis: screen scraping;web scraping;URL scraping. QUIZARE YOU A TRUE BLUE CHAMPION OF THESE “BLUE” SYNONYMS? We could talk until we’re blue in the face about this quiz on words for the color “blue, ” but we think you should take the quiz and find out if you’re a whiz at these colorful terms. Question 1 of 8Which of the following words describes “sky blue”? Origin of scrapingA late Middle English word dating back to 1400–50; see origin at scrape, -ing1OTHER WORDS FROM scrapingscrap·ing·ly, adverbnon·scrap·ing, adjectiveun·scrap·ing, adjectiveWords nearby scrapingscrape through, scrape together, scrape up an acquaintance, scrap heap, scrapie, scraping, scrap iron, scrapper, scrapple, scrappy, Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021Words related to scrapingrub, shave, clean, grind, pinch, chafe, pare, peel, scuff, thin, bray, irritate, squeak, graze, erase, scour, file, skin, grate, barkHow to use scraping in a sentenceThis model’s design combines scraping and pressing motions with added warmth and air compression. Facebook, LinkedIn, Peloton and Clubhouse have all fallen victim to scraping attacks that abuse access to APIs to pull in data about users on their LinkedIn and Clubhouse have shown, no company can completely eliminate scraping or prevent data sets like these from mitt has a modern plush feel, soft thick fleece, and an elastic band to make sure it stays put during intense scraping, as it’s known, wouldn’t have been so easy for a bigger site with more security precautions in place, security experts itish Dictionary definitions for scrapingnounthe act of scrapinga sound produced by scraping(often plural) something scraped off, together, or up; a small amountCollins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
About Price & Web Scraping Tools | Imperva
What is web scraping
Web scraping is the process of using bots to extract content and data from a website.
Unlike screen scraping, which only copies pixels displayed onscreen, web scraping extracts underlying HTML code and, with it, data stored in a database. The scraper can then replicate entire website content elsewhere.
Web scraping is used in a variety of digital businesses that rely on data harvesting. Legitimate use cases include:
Search engine bots crawling a site, analyzing its content and then ranking it.
Price comparison sites deploying bots to auto-fetch prices and product descriptions for allied seller websites.
Market research companies using scrapers to pull data from forums and social media (e. g., for sentiment analysis).
Web scraping is also used for illegal purposes, including the undercutting of prices and the theft of copyrighted content. An online entity targeted by a scraper can suffer severe financial losses, especially if it’s a business strongly relying on competitive pricing models or deals in content distribution.
Scraper tools and bots
Web scraping tools are software (i. e., bots) programmed to sift through databases and extract information. A variety of bot types are used, many being fully customizable to:
Recognize unique HTML site structures
Extract and transform content
Store scraped data
Extract data from APIs
Since all scraping bots have the same purpose—to access site data—it can be difficult to distinguish between legitimate and malicious bots.
That said, several key differences help distinguish between the two.
Legitimate bots are identified with the organization for which they scrape. For example, Googlebot identifies itself in its HTTP header as belonging to Google. Malicious bots, conversely, impersonate legitimate traffic by creating a false HTTP user agent.
Legitimate bots abide a site’s file, which lists those pages a bot is permitted to access and those it cannot. Malicious scrapers, on the other hand, crawl the website regardless of what the site operator has allowed.
Resources needed to run web scraper bots are substantial—so much so that legitimate scraping bot operators heavily invest in servers to process the vast amount of data being extracted.
A perpetrator, lacking such a budget, often resorts to using a botnet—geographically dispersed computers, infected with the same malware and controlled from a central location. Individual botnet computer owners are unaware of their participation. The combined power of the infected systems enables large scale scraping of many different websites by the perpetrator.
Malicious web scraping examples
Web scraping is considered malicious when data is extracted without the permission of website owners. The two most common use cases are price scraping and content theft.
Price scraping
In price scraping, a perpetrator typically uses a botnet from which to launch scraper bots to inspect competing business databases. The goal is to access pricing information, undercut rivals and boost sales.
Attacks frequently occur in industries where products are easily comparable and price plays a major role in purchasing decisions. Victims of price scraping can include travel agencies, ticket sellers and online electronics vendors.
For example, smartphone e-traders, who sell similar products for relatively consistent prices, are frequent targets. To remain competitive, they’re motivated to offer the best prices possible, since customers usually go for the lowest cost offering. To gain an edge, a vendor can use a bot to continuously scrape his competitors’ websites and instantly update his own prices accordingly.
For perpetrators, a successful price scraping can result in their offers being prominently featured on comparison websites—used by customers for both research and purchasing. Meanwhile, scraped sites often experience customer and revenue losses.
Content scraping
Content scraping comprises large-scale content theft from a given site. Typical targets include online product catalogs and websites relying on digital content to drive business. For these enterprises, a content scraping attack can be devastating.
For example, online local business directories invest significant amounts of time, money and energy constructing their database content. Scraping can result in it all being released into the wild, used in spamming campaigns or resold to competitors. Any of these events are likely to impact a business’ bottom line and its daily operations.
The following is excerpted from a complaint, filed by Craigslist, detailing its experience with content scraping. It reinforces how damaging the practice can be:
“[The content scraping service] would, on a daily basis, send an army of digital robots to craigslist to copy and download the full text of millions of craigslist user ads. [The service] then indiscriminately made those misappropriated listings available—through its so-called ‘data feed’—to any company that wanted to use them, for any purpose. Some such ‘customers’ paid as much as $20, 000 per month for that content…”
According to the claim, scraped data was used for spam and email fraud, among other activities:
“[The defendants] then harvest craigslist users’ contact information from that database, and initiate many thousands of electronic mail messages per day to the addresses harvested from craigslist servers…. [The messages] contain misleading subject lines and content in the body of the spam messages, designed to trick craigslist users into switching from using craigslist’s services to using [the defenders’] service…”
Web scraping protection
The increased sophistication in malicious scraper bots has rendered some common security measures ineffective. For example, headless browser bots can masquerade as humans as they fly under the radar of most mitigation solutions.
To counter advances made by malicious bot operators, Imperva uses granular traffic analysis. It ensures that all traffic coming to your site, human and bot alike, is completely legitimate.
The process involves the cross verification of factors, including:
HTML fingerprint – The filtering process starts with a granular inspection of HTML headers. These can provide clues as to whether a visitor is a human or bot, and malicious or safe. Header signatures are compared against a constantly updated database of over 10 million known variants.
IP reputation – We collect IP data from all attacks against our clients. Visits from IP addresses having a history of being used in assaults are treated with suspicion and are more likely to be scrutinized further.
Behavior analysis – Tracking the ways visitors interact with a website can reveal abnormal behavioral patterns, such as a suspiciously aggressive rate of requests and illogical browsing patterns. This helps identify bots that pose as human visitors.
Progressive challenges – We use a set of challenges, including cookie support and JavaScript execution, to filter out bots and minimize false positives. As a last resort, a CAPTCHA challenge can weed out bots attempting to pass themselves off as humans.
Learn more about protecting your site from malicious bot traffic with Imperva’s bot management solution.
Frequently Asked Questions about what is meant by scraping
What does scraping mean slang?
(slang) A fight, especially a fistfight without weapons. He got in a scrape with the school bully.
What is the meaning of scraping in science?
the sound of something being scraped. Usually scrapings. … the process of extracting data from a digital source for automated replication, formatting, or manipulation by a computer program, as in data mining or website data analysis: screen scraping;web scraping;URL scraping.
What is scraping a website?
Web scraping is the process of using bots to extract content and data from a website. … The scraper can then replicate entire website content elsewhere. Web scraping is used in a variety of digital businesses that rely on data harvesting.